Unlocking Charge Transfer Limitations for Extreme Fast Charging of Li-Ion Batteries

Extreme fast charging (XFC) of high-energy Li-ion batteries is a key enabler of electrified transportation. While previous studies mainly focused on improving Li ion mass transport in electrodes and electrolytes, the limitations of charge transfer across electrode–electrolyte interfaces remain underexplored. Herein we unravel how charge transfer kinetics dictates the fast rechargeability of Li-ion cells. Li ion transfer across the cathode–electrolyte interface is found to be rate-limiting during XFC, but the charge transfer energy barrier at both the cathode and anode have to be reduced simultaneously to prevent Li plating, which is achieved through electrolyte engineering. By unlocking charge transfer limitations, 184 Wh kg⁻¹ pouch cells demonstrate stable XFC (10-min charge to 80 %) which is otherwise unachievable, and the lifetime of 245 Wh kg⁻¹ 21700 cells is quintupled during fast charging (25-min charge to 80 %).     

Porous Cyclodextrin Polymer Enables Dendrite-Free and Ultra-Long Life Solid-State Zn-I2 Batteries

Zn-I₂ batteries have attracted attention due to their low cost, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, their performance is still limited by the irreversible growth of Zn dendrites, hydrogen evolution reactions, corrosion, and shuttle effect of polyiodide. In this work, we have prepared a new porous polymer (CD-Si) by nucleophilic reaction of β-cyclodextrin with SiCl₄, and CD-Si is applied to the solid polymer electrolyte (denoted PEO/PVDF/CD-Si) to solve above-mentioned problems. Through the anchoring of the CD-Si, a conductive network with dual transmission channels was successfully constructed. Due to the non-covalent anchoring effect, the ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) can reach 1.64×10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 25 °C. The assembled symmetrical batteries can achieve highly reversible dendrite-free galvanizing/stripping (stable cycling for 7500 h at 5 mA cm⁻² and 1200 h at 20 mA cm⁻²). The solid-state Zn-I₂ battery shows an ultra-long life of over 35,000 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to elucidate the working mechanism of CD-Si in the polymer matrix. This work provides a novel strategy towards solid electrolytes for Zn-I₂ batteries.     

Facile Synthesis of Metallosalphen-Based 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks for NO2 Sensing: Metal Coordination Induced Planarization

As an emerging class of promising porous materials, the development of two-dimensional conductive metal organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) is hampered by the few categories and tedious synthesis of the specific ligands. Herein, we developed a nonplanar hexahydroxyl-functionalized Salphen ligand (6OH-Salphen) through a facile two-step synthesis, which was further applied to construct layered 2D c-MOFs through in situ one pot synthesis based on the synergistic metal binding effect of the N₂O₂ pocket of Salphen. Interestingly, the C_2v-symmetry of ligand endows Cu-Salphen-MOF with periodically heterogeneous pore structures. Benefitting from the higher metal density and shorter in-plane metal-metal distance, Cu-Salphen-MOF showcased excellent NO₂ sensing performance with good sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility. The current work opens up a new avenue to construct 2D c-MOF directly from nonplanar ligands, which greatly simplifies the synthesis and provides new possibilities for preparing different topological 2D c-MOF based functional materials.     

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazine Derivatives via Cross-1,3-dipolar Cyclizations of Azaoxyallyl Cations with N,N′-Cyclic Azomethine Imines

A cross-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of α-halohydroxamates (in situ generated azaoxyallyl cations) with N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines was developed. The synthetic protocol provided facile and rapid access to pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazine derivatives in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities under mild metal-free conditions.     

Polyphenol-Based Nanosystems for Next-Generation Cancer Therapy: Multifunctionality,Design, and Challenges

With the continuous updating of cancer treatment methods and the rapid development of precision medicine in recent years, there are higher demands for advanced and versatile drug delivery systems. Scientists are committed to create greener and more effective nanomedicines where the carrier is no longer limited to a single function of drug delivery. Polyphenols, which can act as both active ingredients and fundamental building blocks, are being explored as potential multifunctional carriers that are efficient and safe for design purposes. Due to their intrinsic anticancer activity, phenolic compounds have shown surprising expressiveness in ablation of tumor cells, overcoming cancer multidrug resistance (MDR), and enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the design, synthesis, and application of versatile polyphenol-based nanosystems for cancer therapy in various modes. Moreover, the merits of polyphenols and the challenges for their clinical translation are also discussed, and it is pointed out that the novel polyphenol delivery system requires further optimization and validation.     

Si内标-X射线衍射法定量测定铁矿中Fe3O4、Fe2O3和SiO2

铁矿物相的准确定量对矿物价值评价及选冶工艺研究有重要作用,现有化学法流程复杂效率低,X射线衍射全谱拟合法可溯源性差,结果准确性难以评价和验证。本研究建立了以Si为内标,以Cu靶X射线为辐射光源,步进扫描方式获得衍射谱图,以待测相含量为横坐标,待测相与内标相峰面积比值为纵坐标建立校准曲线,以曲线对铁矿中Fe3O4、Fe2O3和SiO2物相进行定量的方法。试验对制样条件、扫描参数、内标物选择、积分方式、重叠峰校正等进行了优化选择,结果表明,试样全部通过45 μm标准筛,Si内标比例为10%,步进长度0.01°,步进时间30S,选择对Fe3O4（311）、Fe2O3（104）、SiO2（011）和Si（111）的衍射峰进行积分强度计算,可获得最优结果。在选定工作条件下,Fe3O4在1.07～100%范围内线性相关系数(R2)为0.9953,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.1%～13.2% (n=6),加标回收率99.7 %~114.8 %,检出限(LOD)4.29%;Fe2O3在1.51～100%范围内线性相关系数(R2)为0.9991,相对标准偏差(RSD)2.8%～10.6% (n=6),加标回收率87.1%~112.2%,检出限(LOD)2.56%;SiO2在0.79～29.72 %范围内线性相关系数(R2)为0.9957,相对标准偏差(RSD)3.2%～10.3% (n=6),加标回收率86.6%~98.9%,检出限(LOD)0.68%。方法易溯源、准确性易评价和验证,适合开展标准化检测和应用。     

Organophosphine bearing multiple hydrogen-bond donors for asymmetric Michael addition reaction of 1-oxoindane-2-carboxylic acid ester via dual-reagent catalysis

Multiple hydrogen bonds containing nucleophilic phosphines derived from dipeptide dual-reagents catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition reactions between indene esters and activated olefins in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The success of current highly selective reactions should provide inspiration for expansion to other reactions and would open up new paradigms for the synthesis of indanone derivatives bearing chiral quaternary carbon centers.     

Self-assembled lamellar nanochannels in polyoxometalate-polymer nanocomposites for proton conduction

The construction of nanostructured ion-transport channels is highly desirable in the design of advanced electrolyte materials,as it can enhance ion conductivity by offering short ion-transport pathways.In this work,we present a supramolecular strategy to fabricate a nanocomposite electrolyte containing highly ordered lamellar proton-conducting nanochannels,by the electrostatic self-assembly of a polyoxometalate H_3 PW_(12)O_(4 O)(PW) and a comb copolymer poly(4-methlstyrene)-graft-poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone).PW can effectively regulate the self-assembling order of polymer moieties to form a large-ra nge lamellar structure,meanwhile,introducing protons into the nanoscale lamellar domains to build proton transport channels.Moreover,the rigid PW clusters contribute a remarkable mechanical reinforcement to the nanocomposites.The lamellar nanocomposite exhibits a conductivity of 4.3 × 10~(-4) S/cm and a storage modulus of 1.1 × 10~7 Pa at room temperature.This study provides a new strategy to construct nanostructured ion-conductive pathways in electrolyte materials.     

正溴丁烷合成虚拟仿真系统的设计与辅助实验教学研究*

介绍了正溴丁烷合成虚拟仿真系统的设计与功能,并结合具体的教学实践和研究结果的对比分析,提出了虚实结合的混合式教学模式,这种教学模式能有效解决传统实验教学过程中实验预习效果差、过程性评价难的教学痛点。     

高中化学与大学无机化学教材知识点的衔接研究*

作为化学教育专业的必修课程,无机化学起到了奠定师范生化学理论基础的重要作用。在衔接高中化学知识的前提下,开展大学无机化学教学有助于构建完整的化学知识教学体系、调动师范生学习的积极性,实现高中到大学无机化学课程学习的顺利过渡。笔者在教学实践、教育实习指导及调研的基础上,以人教版高中化学、北师大版《无机化学》教材内容为例,从教与学的角度探讨了高中化学和大学无机化学教材知识点的衔接情况,形成了部分经验积累和教学建议,为师范类专业认证背景下的无机化学课程教学提供借鉴和参考。